Research Articles

Traditional Sauna

Clinical Effects of Regular Dry Sauna Bathing: A Systematic Review.

Hussain J, Cohen M. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2018 Apr 24;2018:1857413. doi: 10.1155/2018/1857413. PMID: 29849692; PMCID: PMC5941775.

Whole-Body Hyperthermia for the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Janssen CW, Lowry CA, Mehl MR, Allen JJ, Kelly KL, Gartner DE, Medrano A, Begay TK, Rentscher K, White JJ, Fridman A, Roberts LJ, Robbins ML, Hanusch KU, Cole SP, Raison CL. JAMA Psychiatry. 2016 Aug 1;73(8):789-95. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.1031. Erratum in: JAMA

Cardiovascular and Other Health Benefits of Sauna Bathing: A Review of the Evidence.

Laukkanen JA, Laukkanen T, Kunutsor SK. Mayo Clin Proc. 2018 Aug;93(8):1111-1121. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.04.008. PMID: 30077204

Effects of sauna bath on heart failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Källström M, Soveri I, Oldgren J, Laukkanen J, Ichiki T, Tei C, Timmerman M, Berglund L, Hägglund H. Clin Cardiol. 2018 Nov;41(11):1491-1501. doi: 10.1002/clc.23077. Epub 2018 Nov 21. PMID: 30239008; PMCID: PMC6489706.

Sauna use as a lifestyle practice to extend healthspan.

Patrick RP, Johnson TL. Exp Gerontol. 2021 Oct 15;154:111509. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111509. Epub 2021 Aug 5. PMID: 34363927.

The effect of heat therapy on blood pressure and peripheral vascular function: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Pizzey FK, Smith EC, Ruediger SL, Keating SE, Askew CD, Coombes JS, Bailey TG. Exp Physiol. 2021 Jun;106(6):1317-1334. doi: 10.1113/EP089424. Epub 2021 May 10. PMID: 33866630.

Beneficial effects of sauna bathing for heart failure patients.

Blum N, Blum A. Finnish sauna. Temperature (Austin). 2024 Feb 25;11(1):27-51. doi: 10.1080/23328940.2023.2300623. PMID: 38577299; PMCID: PMC10989710.

The multifaceted benefits of passive heat therapies for extending the healthspan: A comprehensive review with a focus on Finnish sauna.

Laukkanen JA, Kunutsor SK. Temperature (Austin). 2024 Feb 25;11(1):27-51. doi: 10.1080/23328940.2023.2300623. PMID: 38577299; PMCID: PMC10989710.

Cold Water Immersion

Effects of cold water exposure on stress, cardiovascular, and psychological variables. Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2023

Briganti GL, Chesini G, Tarditi D, Serli D, Capodici A. Dec;239(4):e14056. doi: 10.1111/apha.14056. Epub 2023 Oct 16. PMID: 37840386.

Residual effects of short-term whole-body cold-water immersion on the cytokine profile, white blood cell count, and blood markers of stress.

Eimonte M, Paulauskas H, Daniuseviciute L, Eimantas N, Vitkauskiene A, Dauksaite G, Solianik R, Brazaitis M. Int J Hyperthermia. 2021;38(1):696-707. doi:10.1080/02656736.2021.1915504. PMID: 33910456.

Health effects of voluntary exposure to cold water - a continuing subject of debate. Int J Circumpolar Health.

Esperland D, de Weerd L, Mercer JB. 2022 Dec;81(1):2111789. doi: 10.1080/22423982.2022.2111789. PMID: 36137565; PMCID: PMC9518606.

Partial-body cryotherapy (-135°C) and cold-water immersion (10°C) after muscle damage in females.

Hohenauer E, Costello JT, Deliens T, Clarys P, Stoop R, Clijsen R. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2019 Nov 27. PMID: 31677292; PMCID: PMC7027844.

Effects of Cold-Water Immersion Compared with Other Recovery Modalities on Athletic Performance Following Acute Strenuous Exercise in Physically Active Participants: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression.

Moore E, Fuller JT, Bellenger CR, Saunders S, Halson SL, Broatch JR, Buckley JD. Sports Med. 2023 Mar;53(3):687-705. doi: 10.1007/s40279-022-01800-1. Epub 2022 Dec 17. PMID: 36527593.

Cardiovascular and mood responses to an acute bout of cold water immersion.

Reed EL, Chapman CL, Whittman EK, Park TE, Larson EA, Kaiser BW, Comrada LN, Wiedenfeld Needham K, Halliwill JR, Minson CT. J Therm Biol. 2023 Dec;118:103727. doi: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103727. Epub 2023 Oct 14. PMID:

The multifaceted benefits of passive heat therapies for extending the healthspan: A comprehensive review with a focus on Finnish sauna.

Laukkanen JA, Kunutsor SK. Temperature (Austin). 2024 Feb 25;11(1):27-51. doi: 10.1080/23328940.2023.2300623. PMID: 38577299; PMCID: PMC10989710.

Infrared Sauna

Post-exercise infrared sauna session improves recovery of neuromuscular performance and muscle soreness after resistance exercise training. Biol Sport.

Ahokas EK, Ihalainen JK, Hanstock HG, Savolainen E, Kyröläinen H. A 2023 Jul;40(3):681-689. doi: 10.5114/biolsport.2023.119289. Epub

Far infrared radiation (FIR): its biological effects and medical applications.

Vatansever F, Hamblin MR. Photonics Lasers Med. 2012 Nov 1;4:255-266. doi: 10.1515/plm-2012-0034. PMID: 23833705; PMCID: PMC3699878.

Far-infrared saunas for treatment of cardiovascular risk factors: summary of published evidence.

Beever, Richard. Canadian family physician 55.7 (2009): 691-696.

Infrared sauna as exercise-mimetic? Physiological responses to infrared sauna vs exercise in healthy women: A randomized controlled crossover trial. Complement Ther Med.

Hussain JN, Cohen MM, Mantri N, O'Malley CJ, Greaves RF. 2022 Mar;64:102798. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2021.102798. Epub 2021 Dec 23. PMID:

Effects of far-infrared sauna bathing on recovery from strength and endurance training sessions in men.

Mero A, Tornberg J, Mäntykoski M, Puurtinen R. Springerplus. 2015 Jul 7;4:321. doi: 10.1186/s40064-015-1093-5. PMID: 26180741; PMCID: PMC4493260.

Ozone

Ozone therapy in the management and prevention of caries.

Almaz ME, Sönmez IŞ. J Formos Med Assoc. 2015 Jan;114(1):3-11. doi: 10.1016/j.jfma.2013.06.020.

Ozone sauna therapy and pulsed electromagnetic field therapy could potentially improve outcome in women with diminished ovarian reserve undergoing assisted reproductive technology.

Dias AR, Bitsaktsis C, Emdin D, Bosman L, Smith AH, Merhi Z. Med Gas Res. 2023 Oct-Dec;13(4):202-207. doi: 10.4103/2045-9912.350862. PMID: 37077119; PMCID: PMC10226693.

Ozone therapy for skin diseases: Cellular and molecular mechanisms.

Liu L, Zeng L, Gao L, Zeng J, Lu J. Int Wound J. 2023 Aug;20(6):2376-2385. doi: 10.1111/iwj.14060. Epub 2022 Dec 16. PMID: 36527235; PMCID: PMC10333036.

The possibilities of using the effects of ozone therapy in neurology.

Masan J, Sramka M, Rabarova D. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2021 Mar;42(1):13-21. PMID: 33932964.

Ozone Sauna Therapy (OST) and Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Therapy (PEMF) delivered via the HOCATT machine could improve endometriosis pain along with lowering serum inflammatory markers.

Merhi Z, Emdin D, Bosman L, Incledon T, Smith AH. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2023 Apr;89(4):e13690. doi: 10.1111/aji.13690. Epub 2023 Feb 22. PMID: 36789645.

Liquid ozone therapies for the treatment of epithelial wounds: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Romary DJ, Landsberger SA, Bradner KN, Ramirez M, Leon BR. Int Wound J. 2023 Apr;20(4):1235-1252. doi: 10.1111/iwj.13941. Epub 2022 Sep 3. PMID: 36056800; PMCID: PMC10031250.

Benefits of ozone on mortality in patients with COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Complement Ther Med.

Shang W, Wang Y, Wang G, Han D. 2023 Mar;72:102907. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2022.102907. Epub 2022 Dec 10. PMID: 36513208; PMCID: PMC9737514.

Float

The impact of floatation therapy on body image and anxiety in anorexia nervosa: a randomised clinical efficacy trial.

Choquette EM, Flux MC, Moseman SE, Chappelle S, Naegele J, Upshaw V, Morton A, Paulus MP, Feinstein JS, Khalsa SS. EClinicalMedicine. 2023 Aug 29;64:102173. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102173.

Examining the short-term anxiolytic and antidepressant effect of Floatation-REST.

Feinstein JS, Khalsa SS, Yeh HW, Wohlrab C, Simmons WK, Stein MB, Paulus MP. PLoS One. 2018 Feb 2;13(2):e0190292. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190292. PMID: 29394251; PMCID: PMC5796691

A study of flotation-REST (restricted environmental stimulation therapy) as an insomnia treatment. Sleep

Norell-Clarke A, Jonsson K, Blomquist A, Ahlzén R, Kjellgren A. Sci. 2022 Apr-Jun;15(Spec 2):361-368. doi: 10.5935/1984-0063.20210012. PMID: 35371408; PMCID: PMC8906387.

Floatation Therapy for Mental Health Conditions: CADTH Health Technology Review

Tran K, Loshak H. [Internet]. Ottawa (ON): Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health; 2021 Dec. PMID: 37616427.

Effects of relaxation associated with brief restricted environmental stimulation therapy (REST) on plasma cortisol, ACTH, and LH.

Turner JW, Fine TH. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback. 1983;8(1):115–26.